There is a complete circuit because everything electrical in the car, such as the starter motor, also connects to ground in order to return current to the minus terminal of the battery through the ground. "Ground" is just a code word which, in this case, refers to the "current return common" circuit node. I believe another way to ask this question is: will jump starting a car still work if I connect the - end of the charged battery to a third (powered-off) car, instead of to the chassis of the car with the dead battery? If so, why? (I've heard people say that jump starting a car only works because the chassis is connected to the electrical components of the vehicle, thus providing a closed circuit since the battery is also connected to the electrical components of the vehicle). But this circuit appears to be open: we are connecting the - end of the charged battery to the ground! Thus, how can any circuit connected to ground have a current?
I always thought that you need a closed circuit for current to flow. When jumping a car, we connect the + end of the charged battery to the + end of the dead battery, and the - end of the charged battery to the chassis or other metal part of the car. This may seem like a very simple question, but I've searched all over the place and haven't found an answer.
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